Eastern Europe/Balkans Focused Programs

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• Security Services in a Civil Society: Oversight and Accountability
  (Warsaw, Poland, 1995)
  Explored means of ensuring that police and security agencies' mandates meet states' legitimate security needs in a way consistent with democratic principles.
  
  

  Albania
  Kozara Kati, Human Rights Documentation Center

  Belarus
  Tatiana Segeevna Protko, Academy of Science, Belarus

  Belgium
  Raymond Decoux, Independenct Oversity Committee Belgium

  Bulgaria
  Dimitrina Petrova, Human Rights Project, Bulgaria

  Czech Republic
  Tomas Svoboda, M.P Czech Republic

  Estonia
  Enn Tarto, MP,

  Hungary
  Ferenc Koszep, MP Hungary

  Latvia
  Uldis Dezenitis, SAB Latvia

  Lituania
  Stasys Kausinis, Association of Human Rights

  Netherland
  G Raaijmakers, Security Service, Netherlands
  D.B. van der Windt, Parliamentry Commission, Netherlands

  Poland
  Markey Nowicki, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
  The Honorable Adam Struzik, Speaker of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
  Zbigniew Siemiatkoswski, MP
  Jerzy Ciemniewski, MP
  Adam Duszkiewicz, UOP,
  Wiktor Osiatynski, Stfan Batory Foundation,
  Zbigniew Bujak, MP

  Romania
  Senator Karoly Szabo, Romania
  Manuela Stefanescu, Helsinki Committee
  Senator Karoly Szabo, Romania

  Russia
  Igor Petrukhin, Academy of Sciences, Russia
  Boris Pustinstev, Citizens’ Control, Russia

  Slovenia
  Tanya Petovar, Civic Link
  Vladimir Palko, M.P. Slovenia

  Sweden
  Gerald Nagler, Helsinki Committee, Sweden
  Torsten Jonnson, former Prosecutor Genera, Sweden

  United States
  Kate Martin, Center for National Security Studies, USA
  William Colby, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, USA
  James X Dempsey, Center for National Security Studies, USA
  Elizabeth Rindskopf, Central Intelligence Agency, USA
  Sanford Ungar, American University, USA
  Harvey Grossman, American Civil Liberties Union, USA

  Ukraine
  Valeriy Kartavstev, SB Ukraine

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• Freedom and Expression in the Post-Communist System
  (Tirana, Albania, 1994)
  Addressed the role of the free press in fragile democracies of East and Central Europe.
  
  

  Albania:
  Kristo Frasheri, Chair, Albanian Helsinki Committee
  Agim Isaku, Open Society for Albania
  Arben Kallamata, Vice-Director of Radio Tirana
  Remzi Lani, Open Society for Albania; Albanian Helsinki Committee
  Virgil Muci, Open Society for Albania
  Avni Mustafai, Open Society for Albania
  Ylli Rakipi, Chairman, Union of Albanian Journalists
  Ilirian Zhupa, Editor-in-chief, Populi Po
  Prec Zogaj, Chairman, The League of Professional Journalists
  
  Austria:
  Sylvia Hordosch, International Helsinki Federation
  
  Bulgaria:
  Deyan Kyuranov, Centre for Liberal Strategies
  Dimitrina Petrova, International Helsinki Federation
  Gheorghi Sarakinov, President, Interim Council for Radio Frequencies and TV Channels
  Tavetelina Uzunova, Channel One, Bulgarian National Television
  
  Czech Republic:
  Egon Lansky, Czech Helsinki Committee
  
  Denmark:
  Christina von Kohl, International Helsinki Federation
  
  Federal Republic of Yugoslavia:
  Shkelzen Maliqi, Editor-in-chief, Thema
  
  France:
  Brigitte Dufour,The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
  
  Hungary:
  Gabor Halmai, Member of the Hungarian Constitutional Court
  
  Kosovo:
  Veton Surroi, Editor-in-chief, Koba
  
  Macedonia:
  Kim Mehmeti, Writer; Open Society Foundation-Macedonia
  
  Poland:
  Konstanty Gebert, Gazeta Wyborcza
  
  Romania:
  Dan Apostol, Prosecutor, General Prosecutor's Office
  Dinu Bugeceanu, Radio One, Brasov
  Marian Pancu, Romanian Helsinki Committee
  Manuela Stefansescu, Romanian Helsinki Committee
  Camelia Robe, Romanian Public Television

  Slovenia:
  Willen Houwen, IFJ/FIEJ Coordinating Centre
  
  Switzerland:
  Prof. Dr. Mark Villiger, European Commission of Human Rights
  
  United Kingdom:
  Fraser Cameron, PHARE Democracy Program
  Malcolm Smart, Deputy Director, Article XIX
  
  United States:
  James Coy, Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights
  Joshua Friedman, Newsday
  Seth Effron, Freelance journalist
  Prof. Peter Krug, College of Law, University of Oklahoma
  Eric Nonacs, Project Director, Foundation for a Civil Society
  Wendell Rawls, Writer

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• Democracy and Decommunization: Disqualification Measures in Eastern and Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union
  (Venice, Italy, 1993)
  Representatives of 22 countries from four continents evaluated the broad spectrum of legislation enacted as part of decommunization and considered "model principles" designed to inform future disqualification measures.
  
  

  Albania:
  Kujtim Cashku, Vice Chair, Albanian Helsinki Committee
  Gramoz Pashko, Member of Parliament
  
  Belarus
  Evgeny Novikov, Member of Parliament, Belarus League of Human Rights
  
  Bulgaria
  Georgi Panev, Member of Parliament
  Dimitrina Petrova, Director, Institute for Social and Environmental Research
  Aleksander Tomov, Member of Parliament
  
  Chile
  Jose Zalaquett, Lawyer, Member, National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation, Chile

  Croatia
  Stanko Nick, Chief Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

  The Czech Republic
  Jaroslav Basta, Former Chair, November 17th Committee on Lustration
  Jan Urban, Journalist

  Estonia
  Merle Krigul, Member of Parliament
  Ants-Enno Lohmus, Member of Parliament, President, Estonian Union of National Minorities
  Mart Nutt, Member of Parliament, Chairman, Constitutional Law Committee

  Finland
  Antti Suviranta, President, Supreme Administrative Court

  France
  Roger Errera, Conseillor d' Etat
  
  Germany
  Joachim Gauck, Federal Commissioner of the Stasi Files
  Wolfgang Nowak, State Secretary for Education, Saxony
  Helmut Steinberger, Professor of Law, University of Heidelberg and Vice President, The European Commission for Democracy through Law of the Council of Europe

  Hungary
  Andras Sajo, Director, Constitutional and Legislative Policy Institute, Central European University
  Jozsef Szajer, Member of Parliament, President, FIDESZ Faction

  Latvia
  Sarmite Elerte, Editor-in-Chief, DIENA
  Aivars Endzins, Member of Parliament, Chairman, Legal Affairs Commission
  Egils Levits, Minister of Justice
  Andrejs Pantalejevs, Member of Parliament, President, Latvia's Way Faction

  Lithuania
  Vytautas Landsbergis, Member of Parliament, Former President of Lithuania
  Kestutis Lapinskas, Justice, Constitutional Court

  Malta
  Joseph Said Pullicino, Justice, Constitutional Court

  Moldova
  Ion Casian, Vice-President, Association of Lawyers
  Stefan Uritu, Chairman, Moldovan Helsinki Committee

  Poland
  Halina Bortnowska-Dabrowska, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
  Jerzy Jaskiernia, Member of Parliament, Chairman of Legislative Committee
  Aleksander Kwasniewski, Member of Parliament, Leader, Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)
  Aleksander Smolar, Chairman of the Board, Stefan Batory Foundation

  Romania
  Calin Anastasiu, Member of Parliament, Editor, POLIS
  Petru Gavrilescu, Specialist, Directorate for Human Rights, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  Monica Macovei, Public Prosecutor, Department of Human Rights, General Prosecutor's Office
  Lucian Mihai, Professor of Law, Bucharest University

  Russia
  Nikolai Rudensky, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for the Economy in Transition
  Alexander Tsipko, Director, The Gorbachev Foundation

  Slovenia
  Peter Jambrek, President, Constitutional Court
  Tanja Petovar, Lawyer
  Lovro Sturm, Justice, Constitutional Court
  Bostjan M. Zupancic, Justice, Constitutional Court

  Ukraine
  Natalie Belitser, Head, Ukrainian National Committee of Helsinki Citizen's Assembly
  Dmytro Chobit, Member of Parliament, Member, Commission on Questions of Crimes of the Communist Party
  Yaroslav Kondratjev, Member of Parliament, Chairman, Legal Affairs Commission
  Vitaly Kriukov, Vice-President, Ukranian Legal Foundation

  United States
  Tom Blanton, Executive Director, National Security Archive
  Holly Cartner, Counsel, Helsinki Watch
  Wendy W. Luers, President, The Foundation for a Civil Society, Co-Chair, The Project on Justice in Times of Transition
  Joseph Montville, Senior Consultant for Conflict Resolution, U.S. Department of State
  Tim Phillips, Co-Chair, The Project on Justice in Times of Transition
  Tina Rosenberg, Journalist, Visiting Fellow, National Security Archive
  Herman Schwartz, Professor of Law, The American University, Co-Chair, The Project on Justice in Times of Transition
  Ruti Teitel, Professor of Law, New York Law School

  International Organizations
  Dominique Guizien, Directorate of Human Rights, Council of Europe
  Thomas Markert, Directorate of Legal Affairs, Council of Europe

  Observers
  Jose Maria Argueta, Centro Demos, El Salvador
  George Biddle, President, Institute for Central American Studies
  Andre du Toit, Institute for a Democratic Alternative in South Africa (IDASA)
  Frank Loy, The German Marshall Fund of the United States
  Olexandr Musok, First Secretary, Ukrainian Embassy to Italy

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• Truth and Justice: The Delicate Balance
  (Budapest, Hungary, 1992)
  Policy-makers, archivists and other experts from former communist countries discussed the status of security files in their countries and identified means of preventing the past from continuing to divide and control society.
  
  

  Bulgaria:
  Katerina Boncheva, Radio Free Europe
  Georgi Panev, Member of Parliament
  
  Czech Republic:
  Jaroslav Basta, Chairman, Independent Commission of the Federal Ministry of the Interior
  Jan Urban, Freelance journalist, Center for Independent Journalism
  
  Hungary:
  Gabor Baczoni, Chief Archivist, Historical Archives, Ministry of Internal Affairs
  Karoly Bard, Deputy Minister of Justice
  Arpad Goncz. President
  Ethan Klingsberg, Director, Institute for Constitutional and Legislative Policy, Legal Studies Program, Central European University
  Katalin Koncz, Democracy After Communism Foundation
  Janos Lakos, Director, Hungarian National Archives
  Ivan Peto, Member of Parliament
  Istvan Rev, Academic Director, Budapest College, Central European University
  Prof. Andras Sajo, Dean, Legal Studies Program, Central European University
  
  Poland:
  Halina Bortnowska, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
  Jerzy Ciemniewski, Member of Parliament, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
  Marek Nowicki, Director, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
  Wiktor Osiatynski, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw, Director, Constitutionalism Program
  Andrzej Peczkowski, Treasurer, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
  
  Romania:
  George Adamache, Chief, Methods and Controls, Romanian State Archives
  
  Russia:
  Arseny Roginsky, Chief Researcher, Memorial Society
  Tanya Smith, Amnesty International, Moscow
  Elena Zhemkova, Memorial Society
  
  Yugoslavia:
  Tanja Petrovar, Norwegian Institute of Human Rights

  Western Europe
  Germany:
  Ute Kruse, Ministry of Science and Culture of Saxony
  Armand Mitter, Alliance 90/The Greens
  Wolfgang Nowak, Permanent Secretary for Science and Culture of Saxony
  
  United Kingdom:
  George Ross, Expert on the Securitate files, University of London
  
  Latin America
  Argentina:
  Carlos Nino, Principal human rights advisor to President Alfonsin
  
  Chile:
  Jorge Correa, Former Executive Director, National Commission of Reconciliation and Inquiry
  
  United States:
  Mary Albon, Program Officer, Foundation for a Civil Society
  Jamal Benomar, Director, Human Rights Program, The Carter Center of Emory University
  Arthur Berney, Boston College Law School
  Thomas Blanton, Executive Director, National Security Archive
  Arthur Eisenberg, Counsel, New York Civil Liberties Union
  Stephen Holmes, University of Chicago Law School,
  Timothy Phillips, Co-Chair, Project on Justice in Times of Transition
  Tina Rosenberg, National Security Archive
  Allan Ryan, General Counsel, Harvard University
  Jonathan Stein
  Ruti Teitel, New York Law School
  
  Observers:
  Mark Almond, Historian, Oxford University
  Yvonne Badal
  Deborah Harding, Program Officer, German Marshall Fund of the United States
  Derek Paton, Institute for Contemporary History

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• Justice in Times of Transition
  (Salzburg, Austria, 1992)
  Launched the ongoing Project on Justice in Times of Transition; senior policy-makers from Europe, the former Soviet Union, Latin America and the United States examined experiences with "lustration" laws, the opening of police files to public scrutiny, and committees of inquiry into the abuses of past regimes.
  
  

  Argentina:
  Raul Alcondo, Former Secretary of Defense, former Secretary of Foreign Affairs
  Raul Alfonsin, Former President
  Jaime Malamud-Goti, Former Attorney General

  Bulgaria:
  Alexander Arabadjiev, Member of Constitutional Court
  Snezhana Botusharova, Vice Chair of Parliament
  Emeliana Drumeva, Lawyer

  Chile:
  Claudio Grossman, Professor of Law, American University
  Roberto Garreton Merrino, Liaison to President Alwyn's UN/Human rights community

  Czechoslovakia:
  Martin Butora, Office of the President
  Vojen Guttler
  Peter Kulan
  Prince Karel Schwarzenberg, Chancellor
  Jan Urban, Journalist
  Michael Zantovsky, Office of the President

  El Salvador:
  Francisco Diaz Rodríguez, Vice Chairman, Democratic Convergence
  Leonel Gomez, Human Rights activist and journalist

  Estonia:
  Tiit Kabin, Member of Parliament
  Juri Raidla, Minister of Justice

  Germany:
  Kurt Biedenkopf, Minister President, Saxony
  Claus Offe, Zentrum fur Sozialpolitik, Universitat Bremen
  Jiri Pehe, Assistant Director, Radio Free Europe
  Helmut Steinberger, Former Judge, Constitutional Court of Germany

  Hungary
  Gyorgy Bence, Professor
  Adajos Dombach
  Mihaly Hamburger, Radio Free Europe
  Tamas Kende
  Andras Sajo, Legal Advisor to the President
  Jozsef Szajer, Advisor to President
  Miklos Vasarhelyi, Party Member, Free Democrats

  Latvia:
  Andrejs Pantalejevs, Member of Parliament
  Guido Zemribo, President, Supreme Court

  Lithuania:
  Arunas Degutis
  Rimvydas Valatka, Minister of Parliament

  Poland:
  Adam Michnik, Editor in Chief, Gazeta Wyborcza; Member of Parliament
  Wiktor Osiatynski, Professor of Law, University of Chicago Project
  Alexsander Smolar, Former Political Advisor to Prime Minister Mazowiecki

  Romania:
  Mircea Ionscu, Minister of Justice
  Lucian Mihai, Lecturer in Law
  Andrei Plesu Writer, Former Minister of Culture
  Alin Teodorescu, President, Soros Foundation-Romania

  Russia:
  Natalia Gevorkyan, Moscow News
  Sergei Kovalyov, Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation Human Rights Committee
  Teimouraz Ramishvili, Foreign Ministry of Russian Federation
  Arseny Roginsky, Member, Supreme Soviet Commission on KGB Files, Russia
  Boris Zolotukhin, Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation Committee on Legislation

  United States:
  Robert Beschel, Project Liberty, JFK School of Government, Harvard
  David Franklin, Center for the Study of Constitutionalism in E. Europe, University of Chicago Law School
  Robert Goldman, Professor of Law, American University
  Deborah Harding, The German Marshall Fund of the United States
  Alice Henkin, Director, Justice and Society Program, Aspen Institute
  Prof. Stephen Holmes, Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago
  Prof. Samuel Huntington, Professor at Harvard; Olin Foundation
  Neil Kritz, US Institute of Peace
  Jeri Laber, Executive Director, Helsinki Watch
  Frank Loy, President, The German Marshall Fund of the United States
  Katarina Mathemova, Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering
  Joseph Montville, Consultant, Department of State
  Victor Navasky, Publisher, The Nation
  Aryeh Neier, Director, Human Rights Watch
  Yvette Neier, Women's World Banking
  Diane Orentlicher, Visiting Professor of Law, Yale University
  Tina Rosenberg, Independent journalist
  Allan Ryan, Former Director, Office of Special Investigations, US Dept. of Justice
  David Scanzoni
  Erica B. Schlager, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
  Rose Styron, Writer
  John Tagliabue, New York Times , Berlin
  Ruti Teitel, Professor of Law, New York Law School
  Lawrence Weschler, Staff Writer, The New Yorker
  Joanna Weschler, Human Rights Watch

  Uruguay:
  Rafael Michelin, Deputy, Chamber of Representatives

  Western Europe:
  Roger Errera, Member, Council of State, French Republic
  Konstanty Gerbert, Journalist
  Maarten Koning, Evropke Mezinnotni Pravo
  Claudia Lucian, Council of Europe
  Fernando Rodrigo, Fundacion Jose Ortega y Gasset
  Jacques Rupnik, Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques Michael Wise
  Leonid Yuzhkov
  Franz Zeller, ORF , Salzburg

  Yugoslavia:
  Tanja Petovar, Human Rights Lawyer

  Project Co-Chairs: 
  Lloyd Cutler, Attorney at Law, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering
  Wendy W. Luers, President, Foundation for a Civil Society
  Olin Robinson, President, Salzburg Seminar
  Herman Schwartz, President, Salzburg Seminar

  Project Director:
  Timothy Phillips, Vice President of Government Affairs, Energia Global, Inc.

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