Security Services in a Civil Society: Oversight and Accountability
(Warsaw, Poland, 1995)
Explored means of ensuring that police and security agencies’ mandates meet states’ legitimate security needs in a way consistent with democratic principles.
Albania
Kozara Kati, Human Rights Documentation Center
Belarus
Tatiana Segeevna Protko, Academy of Science, Belarus
Belgium
Raymond Decoux, Independenct Oversity Committee Belgium
Bulgaria
Dimitrina Petrova, Human Rights Project, Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Tomas Svoboda, MP Czech Republic
Estonia
Enn Tarto, MP
Hungary
Ferenc Koszep, MP Hungary
Latvia
Uldis Dezenitis, SAB Latvia
Lithuania
Stasys Kausinis, Association of Human Rights
Netherland
G Raaijmakers, Security Service, Netherlands
D.B. van der Windt, Parliamentry Commission, Netherlands
Poland
Markey Nowicki, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
The Honorable Adam Struzik, Speaker of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
Zbigniew Siemiatkoswski, MP
Jerzy Ciemniewski, MP
Adam Duszkiewicz, UOP,
Wiktor Osiatynski, Stfan Batory Foundation,
Zbigniew Bujak, MP
Romania
Senator Karoly Szabo, Romania
Manuela Stefanescu, Helsinki Committee
Russia
Igor Petrukhin, Academy of Sciences, Russia
Boris Pustinstev, Citizens’ Control, Russia
Slovenia
Tanya Petovar, Civic Link
Vladimir Palko, MP Slovenia
Sweden
Gerald Nagler, Helsinki Committee, Sweden
Torsten Jonnson, former Prosecutor General, Sweden
United States
Kate Martin, Center for National Security Studies, USA
William Colby, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, USA
James X Dempsey, Center for National Security Studies, USA
Elizabeth Rindskopf, Central Intelligence Agency, USA
Sanford Ungar, American University, USA
Harvey Grossman, American Civil Liberties Union, USA
Ukraine
Valeriy Kartavstev, SB Ukraine
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Freedom and Expression in the Post-Communist System
(Tirana, Albania, 1994)
Addressed the role of the free press in fragile democracies of East and Central Europe.
Albania
Kristo Frasheri, Chair, Albanian Helsinki Committee
Agim Isaku, Open Society for Albania
Arben Kallamata, Vice-Director of Radio Tirana
Remzi Lani, Open Society for Albania; Albanian Helsinki Committee
Virgil Muci, Open Society for Albania
Avni Mustafai, Open Society for Albania
Ylli Rakipi, Chairman, Union of Albanian Journalists
Ilirian Zhupa, Editor-in-chief, Populi Po
Prec Zogaj, Chairman, The League of Professional Journalists
Austria
Sylvia Hordosch, International Helsinki Federation
Bulgaria
Deyan Kyuranov, Centre for Liberal Strategies
Dimitrina Petrova, International Helsinki Federation
Gheorghi Sarakinov, President, Interim Council for Radio Frequencies and TV Channels
Tavetelina Uzunova, Channel One, Bulgarian National Television
Czech Republic
Egon Lansky, Czech Helsinki Committee
Denmark
Christina von Kohl, International Helsinki Federation
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Shkelzen Maliqi, Editor-in-chief, Thema
France
Brigitte Dufour,The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights
Hungary
Gabor Halmai, Member of the Hungarian Constitutional Court
Kosovo
Veton Surroi, Editor-in-chief, Koba
Macedonia
Kim Mehmeti, Writer; Open Society Foundation-Macedonia
Poland
Konstanty Gebert, Gazeta Wyborcza
Romania
Dan Apostol, Prosecutor, General Prosecutor’s Office
Dinu Bugeceanu, Radio One, Brasov
Marian Pancu, Romanian Helsinki Committee
Manuela Stefansescu, Romanian Helsinki Committee
Camelia Robe, Romanian Public Television
Slovenia
Willen Houwen, IFJ/FIEJ Coordinating Centre
Switzerland
Prof. Dr. Mark Villiger, European Commission of Human Rights
United Kingdom
Fraser Cameron, PHARE Democracy Program
Malcolm Smart, Deputy Director, Article XIX
United States
James Coy, Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights
Joshua Friedman, Newsday
Seth Effron, Freelance journalist
Prof. Peter Krug, College of Law, University of Oklahoma
Eric Nonacs, Project Director, Foundation for a Civil Society
Wendell Rawls, Writer
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Democracy and Decommunization: Disqualification Measures in Eastern and Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union
(Venice, Italy, 1993)
Representatives from four continents (22 countries) evaluated a spectrum of legislation enacted as part of decommunization and considered “model principles” designed to inform future disqualification measures.
Albania
Kujtim Cashku, Vice Chair, Albanian Helsinki Committee
Gramoz Pashko, Member of Parliament
Belarus
Evgeny Novikov, Member of Parliament, Belarus League of Human Rights
Bulgaria
Georgi Panev, Member of Parliament
Dimitrina Petrova, Director, Institute for Social and Environmental Research
Aleksander Tomov, Member of Parliament
Chile
José Zalaquett, Lawyer, Member, National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation, Chile
Croatia
Stanko Nick, Chief Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
The Czech Republic
Jaroslav Basta, Former Chair, November 17th Committee on Lustration
Jan Urban, Journalist
Estonia
Merle Krigul, Member of Parliament
Ants-Enno Lohmus, Member of Parliament, President, Estonian Union of National Minorities
Mart Nutt, Member of Parliament, Chairman, Constitutional Law Committee
Finland
Antti Suviranta, President, Supreme Administrative Court
France
Roger Errera, Conseillor d’ Etat
Germany
Joachim Gauck, Federal Commissioner of the Stasi Files
Wolfgang Nowak, State Secretary for Education, Saxony
Helmut Steinberger, Professor of Law, University of Heidelberg and Vice President, The European Commission for Democracy through Law of the Council of Europe
Hungary
Andras Sajo, Director, Constitutional and Legislative Policy Institute, Central European University
Jozsef Szajer, Member of Parliament, President, FIDESZ Faction
Latvia
Sarmite Elerte, Editor-in-Chief, DIENA
Aivars Endzins, Member of Parliament, Chairman, Legal Affairs Commission
Egils Levits, Minister of Justice
Andrejs Pantalejevs, Member of Parliament, President, Latvia’s Way Faction
Lithuania
Vytautas Landsbergis, Member of Parliament, Former President of Lithuania
Kestutis Lapinskas, Justice, Constitutional Court
Malta
Joseph Said Pullicino, Justice, Constitutional Court
Moldova
Ion Casian, Vice-President, Association of Lawyers
Stefan Uritu, Chairman, Moldovan Helsinki Committee
Poland
Halina Bortnowska-Dabrowska, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
Jerzy Jaskiernia, Member of Parliament, Chairman of Legislative Committee
Aleksander Kwasniewski, Member of Parliament, Leader, Democratic Left Alliance (SLD)
Aleksander Smolar, Chairman of the Board, Stefan Batory Foundation
Romania
Calin Anastasiu, Member of Parliament, Editor, POLIS
Petru Gavrilescu, Specialist, Directorate for Human Rights, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Monica Macovei, Public Prosecutor, Department of Human Rights, General Prosecutor’s Office
Lucian Mihai, Professor of Law, Bucharest University
Russia
Nikolai Rudensky, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for the Economy in Transition
Alexander Tsipko, Director, The Gorbachev Foundation
Slovenia
Peter Jambrek, President, Constitutional Court
Tanja Petovar, Lawyer
Lovro Sturm, Justice, Constitutional Court
Bostjan M. Zupancic, Justice, Constitutional Court
Ukraine
Natalie Belitser, Head, Ukrainian National Committee of Helsinki Citizen’s Assembly
Dmytro Chobit, Member of Parliament, Member, Commission on Questions of Crimes of the Communist Party
Yaroslav Kondratjev, Member of Parliament, Chairman, Legal Affairs Commission
Vitaly Kriukov, Vice-President, Ukranian Legal Foundation
United States
Tom Blanton, Executive Director, National Security Archive
Holly Cartner, Counsel, Helsinki Watch
Wendy W. Luers, President, The Foundation for a Civil Society, Co-Chair, The Project on Justice in Times of Transition
Joseph Montville, Senior Consultant for Conflict Resolution, U.S. Department of State
Tim Phillips, Co-Chair, The Project on Justice in Times of Transition
Tina Rosenberg, Journalist, Visiting Fellow, National Security Archive
Herman Schwartz, Professor of Law, The American University, Co-Chair, The Project on Justice in Times of Transition
Ruti Teitel, Professor of Law, New York Law School
International Organizations
Dominique Guizien, Directorate of Human Rights, Council of Europe
Thomas Markert, Directorate of Legal Affairs, Council of Europe
Observers
Jose Maria Argueta, Centro Demos, El Salvador
George Biddle, President, Institute for Central American Studies
Andre du Toit, Institute for a Democratic Alternative in South Africa (IDASA)
Frank Loy, The German Marshall Fund of the United States
Olexandr Musok, First Secretary, Ukrainian Embassy to Italy
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Truth and Justice: The Delicate Balance
(Budapest, Hungary, 1992)
Policy-makers, archivists and other experts from former communist countries discussed the status of security files in their countries and identified means of preventing the past from continuing to divide and control society.
Bulgaria
Katerina Boncheva, Radio Free Europe
Georgi Panev, Member of Parliament
Czech Republic
Jaroslav Basta, Chairman, Independent Commission of the Federal Ministry of the Interior
Jan Urban, Freelance journalist, Center for Independent Journalism
Hungary
Gabor Baczoni, Chief Archivist, Historical Archives, Ministry of Internal Affairs
Karoly Bard, Deputy Minister of Justice
Arpad Goncz, President
Ethan Klingsberg, Director, Institute for Constitutional and Legislative Policy, Legal Studies Program, Central European University
Katalin Koncz, Democracy After Communism Foundation
Janos Lakos, Director, Hungarian National Archives
Ivan Peto, Member of Parliament
Istvan Rev, Academic Director, Budapest College, Central European University
Prof. Andras Sajo, Dean, Legal Studies Program, Central European University
Poland
Halina Bortnowska, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
Jerzy Ciemniewski, Member of Parliament, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
Marek Nowicki, Director, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
Wiktor Osiatynski, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw, Director, Constitutionalism Program
Andrzej Peczkowski, Treasurer, Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights
Romania
George Adamache, Chief, Methods and Controls, Romanian State Archives
Russia
Arseny Roginsky, Chief Researcher, Memorial Society
Tanya Smith, Amnesty International, Moscow
Elena Zhemkova, Memorial Society
Yugoslavia
Tanja Petrovar, Norwegian Institute of Human Rights
Western Europe
Germany
Ute Kruse, Ministry of Science and Culture of Saxony
Armand Mitter, Alliance 90/The Greens
Wolfgang Nowak, Permanent Secretary for Science and Culture of Saxony
United Kingdom
George Ross, Expert on the Securitate files, University of London
Latin America
Argentina
Carlos Nino, Principal human rights advisor to President Alfonsin
Chile
Jorge Correa, Former Executive Director, National Commission of Reconciliation and Inquiry
United States
Mary Albon, Program Officer, Foundation for a Civil Society
Jamal Benomar, Director, Human Rights Program, The Carter Center of Emory University
Arthur Berney, Boston College Law School
Thomas Blanton, Executive Director, National Security Archive
Arthur Eisenberg, Counsel, New York Civil Liberties Union
Stephen Holmes, University of Chicago Law School,
Timothy Phillips, Co-Chair, Project on Justice in Times of Transition
Tina Rosenberg, National Security Archive
Allan Ryan, General Counsel, Harvard University
Jonathan Stein
Ruti Teitel, New York Law School
Observers
Mark Almond, Historian, Oxford University
Yvonne Badal
Deborah Harding, Program Officer, German Marshall Fund of the United States
Derek Paton, Institute for Contemporary History
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Justice in Times of Transition
(Salzburg, Austria, 1992)
Launched the ongoing Project on Justice in Times of Transition; senior policy-makers from Europe, the former Soviet Union, Latin America and the United States examined experiences with “lustration” laws, the opening of police files to public scrutiny, and committees of inquiry into the abuses of past regimes.
Argentina
Raul Alcondo, Former Secretary of Defense, former Secretary of Foreign Affairs
Raul Alfonsin, Former President
Jaime Malamud-Goti, Former Attorney General
Bulgaria
Alexander Arabadjiev, Member of Constitutional Court
Snezhana Botusharova, Vice Chair of Parliament
Emeliana Drumeva, Lawyer
Chile
Claudio Grossman, Professor of Law, American University
Roberto Garreton Merrino, Liaison to President Aylwin’s UN/Human rights community
Czechoslovakia
Martin Butora, Office of the President
Vojen Guttler
Peter Kulan
Prince Karel Schwarzenberg, Chancellor
Jan Urban, Journalist
Michael Zantovsky, Office of the President
El Salvador
Francisco Diaz Rodríguez, Vice Chairman, Democratic Convergence
Leonel Gomez, Human Rights activist and journalist
Estonia
Tiit Kabin, Member of Parliament
Juri Raidla, Minister of Justice
Germany
Kurt Biedenkopf, Minister President, Saxony
Claus Offe, Zentrum fur Sozialpolitik, Universitat Bremen
Jiri Pehe, Assistant Director, Radio Free Europe
Helmut Steinberger, Former Judge, Constitutional Court of Germany
Hungary
Gyorgy Bence, Professor
Adajos Dombach
Mihaly Hamburger, Radio Free Europe
Tamas Kende
Andras Sajo, Legal Advisor to the President
Jozsef Szajer, Advisor to President
Miklos Vasarhelyi, Party Member, Free Democrats
Latvia
Andrejs Pantalejevs, Member of Parliament
Guido Zemribo, President, Supreme Court
Lithuania
Arunas Degutis
Rimvydas Valatka, Minister of Parliament
Poland
Adam Michnik, Editor in Chief, Gazeta Wyborcza; Member of Parliament
Wiktor Osiatynski, Professor of Law, University of Chicago Project
Alexsander Smolar, Former Political Advisor to Prime Minister Mazowiecki
Romania
Mircea Ionscu, Minister of Justice
Lucian Mihai, Lecturer in Law
Andrei Plesu, Writer, Former Minister of Culture
Alin Teodorescu, President, Soros Foundation-Romania
Russia
Natalia Gevorkyan, Moscow News
Sergei Kovalyov, Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation Human Rights Committee
Teimouraz Ramishvili, Foreign Ministry of Russian Federation
Arseny Roginsky, Member, Supreme Soviet Commission on KGB Files, Russia
Boris Zolotukhin, Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation Committee on Legislation
United States
Robert Beschel, Project Liberty, JFK School of Government, Harvard
David Franklin, Center for the Study of Constitutionalism in E. Europe, University of Chicago Law School
Robert Goldman, Professor of Law, American University
Deborah Harding, The German Marshall Fund of the United States
Alice Henkin, Director, Justice and Society Program, Aspen Institute
Prof. Stephen Holmes, Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago
Prof. Samuel Huntington, Professor at Harvard; Olin Foundation
Neil Kritz, US Institute of Peace
Jeri Laber, Executive Director, Helsinki Watch
Frank Loy, President, The German Marshall Fund of the United States
Katarina Mathemova, Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering
Joseph Montville, Consultant, Department of State
Victor Navasky, Publisher, The Nation
Aryeh Neier, Director, Human Rights Watch
Yvette Neier, Women’s World Banking
Diane Orentlicher, Visiting Professor of Law, Yale University
Tina Rosenberg, Independent journalist
Allan Ryan, Former Director, Office of Special Investigations, US Dept. of Justice
David Scanzoni
Erica B. Schlager, Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Rose Styron, Writer
John Tagliabue, New York Times , Berlin
Ruti Teitel, Professor of Law, New York Law School
Lawrence Weschler, Staff Writer, The New Yorker
Joanna Weschler, Human Rights Watch
Uruguay
Rafael Michelin, Deputy, Chamber of Representatives
Western Europe
Roger Errera, Member, Council of State, French Republic
Konstanty Gerbert, Journalist
Maarten Koning, Evropke Mezinnotni Pravo
Claudia Luciani, Council of Europe
Fernando Rodrigo, Fundacion Jose Ortega y Gasset
Jacques Rupnik, Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques
Michael Wise
Leonid Yuzhkov
Franz Zeller, ORF, Salzburg
Yugoslavia
Tanja Petovar, Human Rights Lawyer
Project Co-Chairs
Lloyd Cutler, Attorney at Law, Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering
Wendy W. Luers, President, Foundation for a Civil Society
Olin Robinson, President, Salzburg Seminar
Herman Schwartz, President, Salzburg Seminar
Project Director
Timothy Phillips, Vice President of Government Affairs, Energia Global, Inc.
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